自從2016年的有名的椎間盤PRP注射發表之後[1],國際上針對椎間盤內PRP注射的高證據力文章,也就是隨機雙盲測試(Randomized controlled trial, RCT)其實不多[2-4]。甚至有文章直接指名PRP注射效果不彰,建議直接升級BMAC注射[4]。
不過,在這篇2024發表的文章中,美國的作者群直接將患者隨機分成了三組 (控制組,PRP組,BMAC組)[5]。完成試驗的患者人數到達了40人,追蹤時間長達12個月。當然接受生理食鹽水注射的控制組患者,若症狀無明顯改善,可以後續轉而接受血液治療(隨機分配至PRP或BMAC組)。如果接受血液治療,6個月症狀無明顯改善,也可以跳到另外一組。當中症狀無明顯改善定義為改善小於50%。
無論是PRP或BMAC皆以Emcyte二次離心系統處理,抽血加抗凝劑共60 ml, 二次離心後的PRP/BMAC約為7 ml, 注射進入椎間盤的量為2 ml. 控制組患者最終每位都接受了血液注射;而一開始的PRP或BMAC組則有各兩位因為成效不如預期,移到了另一組 (PRP至BMAC組或BMAC至PRP組)。PRP及BMAC組隨時間經過,無論是疼痛指數或功能量表,皆有顯著改善。但若要分出PRP或BMAC哪個比較有效,則無法分辨。值得留意的是,在疼痛分數方面,治療後的疼痛分數大約從6-7分降至3分,跟先前文獻雷同,顯示脊椎治療,無論是注射還是手術,達成100%疼痛緩解,是有困難的[6]。
又是一篇高證據等級的文章被發表 (多醫學中心,隨機雙盲試驗),顯示結果也與本診所的治療經驗類似,在適當的篩選後,血液治療,無論是PRP還是BMAC,是有機會對椎間盤疾患有幫助的。目前回溯診所的病患治療項目,選擇BMAC治療的患者甚至稍多於選擇PRP治療的患者。另外,BMAC與PRP合併使用的狀況開始興起[7-9],也廣泛應用在身體其他部位,如肩膀、膝關節等。初步我們也從少數病患中看到不錯的加成效果,也希望未來能看到更多的研究文獻。
1. Tuakli-Wosornu, Y.A., et al., Lumbar Intradiskal Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injections: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Study. PM R, 2016. 8(1): p. 1-10; quiz 10.
2. Akeda, K., et al., Platelet-Rich Plasma Releasate versus Corticosteroid for the Treatment of Discogenic Low Back Pain: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med, 2022. 11(2).
3. Schepers, M.O., et al., Effectiveness of intradiscal platelet rich plasma for discogenic low back pain without Modic changes: A randomized controlled trial. Interv Pain Med, 2022. 1(1): p. 100011.
4. Zielinski, M.A., et al., Safety and Efficacy of Platelet Rich Plasma for Treatment of Lumbar Discogenic Pain: A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind Study. Pain Physician, 2022. 25(1): p. 29-34.
5. Navani, A., et al., The Safety and Effectiveness of Orthobiologic Injections for Discogenic Chronic Low Back Pain: A Multicenter Prospective, Crossover, Randomized Controlled Trial with 12 Months Follow-up. Pain Physician, 2024. 27(1): p. E65-E77.
6. Pettine, K.A., et al., Autologous bone marrow concentrate intradiscal injection for the treatment of degenerative disc disease with three-year follow-up. Int Orthop, 2017. 41(10): p. 2097-2103.
7. Shehadi, J.A., et al., Combined administration of platelet rich plasma and autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrate for spinal cord injury: a descriptive case series. Neural Regen Res, 2021. 16(2): p. 362-366.
8. Kim, S.J., et al., Effects of bone marrow aspirate concentrate and platelet-rich plasma on patients with partial tear of the rotator cuff tendon. J Orthop Surg Res, 2018. 13(1): p. 1.
9. Centeno, C., et al., Symptomatic anterior cruciate ligament tears treated with percutaneous injection of autologous bone marrow concentrate and platelet products: a non-controlled registry study. J Transl Med, 2018. 16(1): p. 246.